Vedic Sanskrit text attributed the crossing of the seas as Samudrolangha that can cause the loss of Varna (social class). This proscription was based on the assumptions of contacting with sin or with the characterless, engaging with the mleccha (foreign or barbarous invaders) and with the inability to carry out the prescribed rituals of Hinduism.
Those travelling across the seas would be presumed to have broken ties with their familial, societal, and religious moorings (even deprived of water from the holy Ganga!) – they were assumed to have joined the immoral reprobates, naastiks (non-believers) and left for the proverbial Kala Pani (Black Water).
During the British Raj, the penal settlement on the distant Andaman and Nicobar Islands (1200 kms away from the Indian mainland), earned the new-age infamy of the veritable Kala Pani, with the irreparable shame of getting ‘Kala Pani ki sazza’ (banishment to Kala Pani) as the ultimate form of punishment, pain and diminishment afforded on an ostensible convict.

