Western values embody a belief system to which many Asians and others are willing to sign up, although alternative world views survive. Chinese, Russian and Islamic values are never likely to enjoy a comparable universality, but the future would probably be more transactional, bilateral, driven by power and national interests rather than values or sense of international community. This is already noticeable both in the West and in Asia.
Asian states resisted western attempts to export secular and post-modern versions of their value system. Modernization has now arguably created the seed-bed for the world’s first global community, but urbanization and connectivity in Asia and the West have modified and hybridized values and norms. Societal values have only a tenuous relationship with foreign policy, where sacral, civilizational and philosophical traditions count for more.

