Alwar to Jharkhand, the Lynch Doctrine Is Gathering Steam

The Jharkhand killings are another instance of a violent form of Hindu nationalism taking an ugly turn in India.

A video went viral this week. It was the video of a man on his knees, his clothes torn and drenched in blood, begging for his life with folded hands. It was the face of a man moments before he was bludgeoned to death while his attackers stood in a tight circle around him and the cops who hovered nearby watched mutely.

The man was Mohammad Naeem, 35, one of four cattle traders lynched in Sobhapur in Jharkhand on 18 May on suspicion of being a child-lifter. Three other men were similarly beaten to death on the same day in Bagbera some 20 kilometres away.

Mob Justice Rules the Roost

For days, WhatsApp messages went around warning people about child-lifters roaming in the area. No one knew who sent them or which child had gone missing. But the flood of messages was enough to work people up into a frenzy and make them pounce upon seven innocent men and beat them to death.

A stray atrocity? A momentary madness in which bloodthirsty mobs erupted in a barbaric dance of death?

Not at all. The Jharkhand lynchings were only the latest in a series of horrific incidents of mob “justice” that have taken place in utter violation of the rule of law.

Indeed, lynchings seem to have become a part of India’s daily cultural narrative — a perfectly routine consequence of murderous outrage over something or the other. Be it over lack of respect for the cow or communal sanctities or virulent nationalism, or be it over a fake WhatsApp message, the outrage is so extreme, so seemingly righteous, that retributive killings are but a short step from it.

Also Read: Two Held After Suspected ‘Cow Thieves’ Lynched in Assam’s Nagaon

Rumours Spark Killings

In the last two months there have been as many as five incidents of lynching. On 1 April, cow vigilantes waylaid Pehlu Khan, a 55-year-old dairy farmer in Alwar, Rajasthan, alleging that he was smuggling cows, and beat him up mercilessly. Khan, who had valid papers for the cows he had purchased, died in hospital two days later.

On 30 April, two men were lynched in Nagaon in Assam on suspicion of being cattle thieves. In early May, an elderly Muslim man was beaten to death in Bulandshahr by alleged members of Hindu Yuva Vahini – a right-wing group founded by Uttar Pradesh chief minister Yogi Adityanath – because they felt he had helped a Muslim boy elope with a Hindu girl.

And then came the two Jharkhand lynchings. As far as lynching events go, these were epical in scale, one where seven people were kicked and pounded until their lives were snuffed out. Even as the police (after standing by and watching the carnage) were rounding up suspects, one more man was thrashed near Ranchi on Monday because the mob felt that he too was going around stealing children.

Evidently, the poison sown when Mohammad Akhlaq was lynched for alleged cow slaughter in Dadri in 2015 is bearing fruit now. It’s cropping up everywhere. For the beauty of murder by the mob is that it needs no proof of wrongdoing.

A rumour is enough. Or a fake WhatsApp message. It’s enough to make people descend into an orgy of collective fury and commit acts of unspeakable brutality.

Also Read: Is Meat Industry A ‘Muslim’ One When Other Livelihoods Rely On It?

Lynch Doctrine: The New Order in Force

Some may moan that people are taking the law into their hands because they have lost respect for the rule of law. However, the truth is that these lynchings are a product of their respect for a newfound doctrine which insists that a new order is in force now – one that supersedes existing notions of right and wrong, legal and illegal.

This new law ordains that it is fine to commit violence in the name of cow love, nationalism, or any awful canard hatched on a whim. It ordains that these are such magnificently just causes that for their sake, a tribal outpouring of hate — on the ground, on social media — is entirely permissible.

And this new law is propagated and finessed every day both through clever messaging,  as well as administrative apathy. After each incident, the criminal justice system does kick in eventually and suspects are arrested, but the element of licence and incitement to violence is clear and present all the time.

Also Read: What the Constitution Says on the Curious Case of the ‘Holy Cow’

Not About the Fringe Anymore

Prime Minister Narendra Modi did not condemn the Dadri lynching for weeks, while those the media indulgently refers to as “Hindutva hotheads” went about making incendiary communal statements. After the lynching in Alwar, Rajasthan chief minister Vasundhara Raje avoided referring to the incident for 23 days. This, while her home minister Gulab Chand Kataria tried to justify the atrocity and described the victim as a “cow smuggler”, in effect, supporting his assailants.

Even the public flogging of four Dalit youths for skinning a dead cow in Una, Gujarat, in July last year had its apologists. Raja Singh, a BJP MLA from Hyderabad, tried to justify the horrific act in a Facebook post where he said, “Jo Dalit gai ke maas ko le ja raha tha, jo uski pitai hui hai, woh bohut hi achhi hui hai”(Those Dalits who were taking the cow meat, those who were beaten, it was a very good thing to happen.)

Mind you, this is not a random man shooting his mouth off at a village square. This is a legislator belonging to the party in power at the Centre.

And it is not just politicians — from actors to sportspeople, from two-bit Twitter ideologues to Right Wing arrivistes, everyone brings his or her share of red hot incitement to the table.

This week actor Paresh Rawal tweeted that the army ought to tie writer Arundhati Roy to a jeep as a shield against stone pelters in Kashmir.

While Rawal advocated violence against a civilian and blew the dog whistle to bring on the Twitter lynch mobs, the Army awarded a medal of commendation to Major Gogoi, the man who had taken the controversial step of using a human shield during a military operation in strife-torn Kashmir.

Also Read: Police, Fringe Groups Join Hands in the Name of Slaughterhouse Ban

The Time for Action is Now

The trouble is, brutalisation breeds brutalisation. Once lawlessness is let out of the bottle, it may not be possible to calibrate it to further this or that political and cultural end. It may spin totally out of control.

In the name of nationalism or cow protection, we are in fact giving birth to a nation of lawless, murderous thugs. If not checked right now, they may put India into a terminal civilisational decline much like ISIS has done to large parts of West Asia.

The bloodied face of Mohammad Naeem could be a terrifying prelude to that.

Also Read: Gau Raksha Terror: Are Cattle Lives More Valuable Than Humans?

(The writer is a senior journalist based in Delhi. She can be reached @ShumaRaha. The views expressed above are the author’s own. The Quint neither endorses nor is responsible for the same.)