A free-speech group said, on 11 July, that it sued US President Donald Trump for blocking Twitter users from his @realDonaldTrump account, arguing the practice violates the First Amendment of the US Constitution.
The lawsuit, brought by the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University in New York and joined by seven individual Twitter users, claims Trump blocked a number of accounts whose owners replied to his tweets with comments that criticised, mocked or disagreed with the president.
Trumps blocking of those accounts amounts to an unconstitutional effort to suppress dissent, the lawsuit claims.
A Breach of Fundamental Rights?
Because Trump frequently turns to Twitter to make policy statements, his account qualifies as a public forum from which the government cannot exclude people on the basis of their views, the suit alleges. Twitter users are unable to see or respond to tweets from accounts that block them.
The White House could not be immediately reached for comment. Last month White House spokesman Sean Spicer said Trump's tweets were considered “official statements by the president of the United States.”
The complaint follows a letter from the Knight Institute sent to Trump last month that warned of a suit if users were not unblocked.
“Everyone being able to see the president's tweets feels vital to democracy,” Joseph Papp, one of the seven Twitter users involved in the suit, said in a statement
The blocking of users from your Twitter account suppresses speech in a number of ways. Users who have been blocked cannot follow you on Twitter, and they are limited in their ability to view your tweets, find your tweets using Twitter’s search function, and learn which accounts follow you. They are also limited in their ability to participate in comment threads associated with your tweets.Letter to the President Donald Trump dated 6 June, 2017
The move gives birth to a new question: Can social media be treated as a public free-speech forum?
What About Social-Media Savvy Politicians in India?
Several political figures in India are social-media savvy, including Prime Minister Narendra Modi who often uses Twitter to communicate government policies. Like First Amendment, the Indian Constitution too guarantees freedom of speech. So do public officials at home have the right to block their followers?
In case of a similar (real/hypothetical) action by our parliamentarians/public officers who use micro-blogging sites for communicating with the public or to announce policies takes place, the same could also be potentially challenged under the Indian Constitution.Pavan Duggal, a leading cyber law expert and privacy advocate, told IANS.
Every person has been given a fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India.
Though reasonable restrictions can be imposed on freedom of speech, they can be done only in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.
"The factum of disagreeing with somebody else and his opinion/views is not a ground on which the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression can be restricted," Duggal said.
Once the parliamentarians/public officers use micro-blogging sites -- if used for the purposes of communicating to the public -- the same would be presumed to be public facility and the same would also be presumed to be used for exercise of governmental/sovereign functions.
"In such a case, no person could be blocked. In case, if any person is blocked, the same would be seen to be violation of a person's fundamental right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution of India," Duggal said.
‘People Should Have the Right to Talk Back to Their Leaders’
The issue raised by Knight First Amendment Institute highlighted the fact that people have right to talk back to their leaders.
According to a USA Today report, Trump has "basically turned" his Twitter feed "into a public forum," such as a Town Hall meeting.
I would suspect he could retain the right to block people who are abusive by commonly accepted terms, but just to block people for being critical, you could argue they are protected by the First Amendment. ... We have the right to talk back to our leaders without penalty.Gene Policinski, Chief Operating Officer at the Newseum Institute and First Amendment Center, told USA Today.
This case also serves as a signal to other local, state and federal officials to be inclusive on Twitter, added Katie Fallow, a senior litigator at the Knight First Amendment Institute.
However, some experts believe that blocking the right to block on Twitter may be stretching the legal parameters a little too far.
"People who work for or represent any government or organisation have two different roles – one of elected representative, officers or employee and another one of private individual," Anoop Mishra, one of the nation's leading social media experts, told IANS.
"Being an individual, one has full rights to block anyone on Twitter or Facebook to avoid interpersonal disputes and abusive conversations of haters," Mishra added.
Duggal believes that if a person is blocked simply for expressing different opinions or disagreements, such an action could be challenged within the writ jurisdiction of the concerned High Courts or the Supreme Court under Articles 226 or Article 32 of the Constitution, respectively.
"Merely because a Twitter handle/user is targeting a particular Minister, the same is not a ground for the government to direct to block the said user," said Duggal, also a senior Supreme Court advocate.
But should our public officials be stripped of the power to block their followers, could they be left at the mercy of trolls?
"Twitter needs to do far more to control trolling than what it is currently doing. It needs to have strong anti-trolling policies which need to be effectively implemented," Duggal noted, adding that trolling should be made a serious offence punishable with imprisonment.
(With inputs from Reuters)
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