Amid Rising Tension, Here’s How China Matters to the US

How will the US presidential election and the tensions between US and China affect people of America?

Tensions have been rising between China and the United States. China modernizing its military and pressing its sovereignty claims over the disputed South China Sea, an important route for global trade. The US is pushing back by increasing its military presence in Asia, which China views as provocative.

The US also accuses China of unfair trading practices and cyber-theft of business secrets. Tough action by either side could spark a skirmish at sea or a trade war that would make many goods in the US more expensive.

Where They Stand

Hillary Clinton says the US needs to “stand up to China” and press the rising Asian power to play by international rules —in trade, in cyberspace, and in territorial disputes. But she’s also said the two nations need to cooperate where they can.

Trump says the high volume of US-China trade gives Washington leverage over Beijing. He accuses China of undervaluing its currency to make its exports artificially cheap and he proposes tariffs as high as 45 percent tariff on Chinese imports into the US to force it to trade fairly and support other US policy goals.

Why It Matters

The US and China are the world’s two largest economies and biggest military spenders. The wider world needs them to get along, to keep the peace and tackle global problems like climate change and a nuclear North Korea. The US and China also depend on each other economically. Two-way trade topped $600 billion in 2015.

China is the largest foreign holder of US debt, and by some estimates, Chinese foreign direct investment into the US has started to outstrip the flow of US investment into China.

President Xi Jinping is trying to manage a soft landing for a slowing economy, and boost domestic consumption to reduce China’s reliance on foreign trade to drive growth. That goal is supported by Washington as it could help reduce the US trade deficit with China, which hit a record of nearly $370 billion last year.

But China has a mixed record on economic reform. It has allowed market forces to play a bigger role in its currency exchange rate, but the US has other complaints: restrictions on market access for foreign companies, economic espionage, and state subsidies, including cheap imports from China’s bloated steel industry.

China is building Asia’s strongest military and wants to be treated as a global leader, but its assertive behavior has unnerved its neighbors who look to the US to help preserve order.

The US worries that China, which has built several artificial islands in the South China Sea, wants to control crucial sea lanes. China denies this, but refuses to compromise in what it says is a historical right to tiny islands and adjacent waters in the South China Sea where five other governments have territorial claims.

The US Navy has periodically sailed close to the islands to demonstrate its freedom to navigate the area, angering China. In July, China rejected an international tribunal ruling in a case brought by a US ally, the Philippines, that invalidated the legal basis of China’s claims. The US hopes China will moderate its position, but it shows no sign of doing so, although Beijing says it is ready to negotiate directly with other claimants.

Such economic and strategic tensions between two world powers can directly affect American jobs, wages, consumer prices and security.

(Published in an arrangement with AP.)