A collage of two photographs is currently going viral on social media. The photographs were taken during the violence that followed the recent Bharat Bandh, called by Dalit organisations to protest Supreme Court’s dilution of the provisions of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.
Both photographs show the same man with a gun, but his beard is longer in the image from Zee TV as compared to the image of NDTV. Many social media users have suggested that the image has been photoshopped to show a visibly Muslim looking man holding a gun. What is the truth behind these images?
A Comparative Analysis
Alt News accessed the footage from various channels to uncover the truth behind the images.
Zee used the video of the same person multiple times across different shows. In all of these broadcasts, the person is circled and his picture is zoomed in. From one of the videos, we took a screen-grab which can be seen below. The timestamp on the top left has been added programmatically, and isn’t present in the original footage.
In case of CNN-IBN, at least in the tweet that they posted online, they do not freeze the video. This person who is being zoomed-in the above channels, namely NDTV, Zee and ABP, is visible in the first two seconds of the video below. Also, in the CNN-IBN footage, immediately after this person, who’s the focus of the story is seen, Raja Singh Chauhan, who allegedly fired shots in Gwalior, can be seen.
Playing It 60 Frames Per Second
Since CNN-IBN’s video was closest to the original without any special effects, we used this to analyse the issue by splitting the video into multiple frames (60 frames per second). What we found was that in case of the CNN-IBN video, the person in various frames seemed to have beards of varying lengths. As can be seen in the below collage, in the first, second, third and sixth frame, the person’s beard doesn’t appear to be long. However, in the fourth and fifth frame, the person’s beard appears to be much longer.
In the base video used by CNN-IBN, possibly because of a glitch in videography and because of camera’s shutter speed, there are a few frames wherein the person appears to have a longer beard than he actually does. However, in rest of the frames, the person’s actual size of the beard can be clearly seen.
When we converted Zee News’s videos into individual frames (15 frames per second), we saw that the frames in which this person’s beard appears normal are absent in their video. Instead, they have chosen the frame where the person appears to have a longer beard and zoomed into that particular frame.
So does the man have a short beard as shown by NDTV or a longer beard as shown by Zee News? Has the image been photoshopped by one of the channels? The answer is that Zee News hasn’t manipulated the image as alleged. All the channels including Zee News have used the same base video. However, Zee News chose to freeze their video on the frame when a distorted image of the person with a longer beard can be seen.
In conclusion, Zee News did not photoshop/manipulate/morph the footage. The image with the longer beard is part of the base video. However, the reason as to why they chose to freeze the video and focus on a distorted version of the image cannot be ascertained. It is impossible to tell whether this was deliberate or simply a case of poor editing.
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