Mahyco-Monsanto Biotech Limited (MMBL) has issued notices to terminate the Bt cottonseed licences of Nuziveedu Seeds Limited (NSL), and its subsidiaries – Pravardhan Seeds and Prabhat Agri Biotech – over non-payment of trait fees. Sources said the company and its subsidiaries owe about Rs 160 crore in trait fees for kharif 2015, and partly for kharif 2014.
The spokesperson for MMBL gave a bland statement:
A few seed companies continue to withhold large sums of technology fees payable to MMBL, despite having collected the full price of seeds from farmers. We are continuously evaluating all remedies available to us under law, but we don’t comment on specific actions that we may be considering.
An SMS, email and mobile phone call to an NSL executive elicited no response.
Face-Off Leading to the Reduction of MRP
The face-off follows the reduction in maximum retail price of Bt cottonseed by Rs 100 by the Maharashtra government earlier this year. The price cut was upheld by the Bombay High Court. The Maharashtra government did not pronounce on trait fees but told the court during the hearings that it should be Rs 20 per packet of 450 grams.
The Telangana government retained the retail price of Bollgard II cottonseeds at Rs 930 but reduced the trait fee to Rs 90. Bollgard II is the proprietary cottonseed technology of MMB, which is a joint venture of Monsanto, an American multinational, and Maharashtra Hybrid Seed Company (Mahyco). It has two genes which are toxic to worms infesting cotton bolls.
The trait fees are payable to MMBL for the genetically-modified insecticidal properties that its licensees incorporate in their hybrids. MMBL charges Rs 163.28, excluding taxes, as trait fees per packet.
This according to Monsanto’s India region CEO, Shilpa Divekar, is valid up to the MRP of Rs 930. Should the maximum retail price increase, NSL will have to pay 16.66 percent of the difference between the trait fee and the increased MRP, in addition to a mutually agreed one-time payment.
This is according to its Draft Red Herring Prospectus (DRHP), filed with market regulator SEBI in connection with an Initial Public Offering (IPO) of equity, NSL admits in the document that it has received discounts on trait fees from MMBL. NSL got SEBI’s permission in August for an IPO.
NSAI’s Petition
NSL’s license was valid up to 2020. It was negotiated for five years in 2015 with a provision for further extension by three years.
The National Seed Association of India (NSAI) which has seed companies including MMB and NSL as members, had petitioned the agricultural ministry to bring Bt cottonseed under price control. (NSL’s managing director Mandava Prabhakar Rao is also the chairman of NSAI). This, the ministry did in the first week of December. It has notified that it will not only fix the MRP for the whole country but also the components, that is, trait fees and trade margins. Separately, it has moved the Competition Commission of India to investigate MMBL’s commercial practices, which it regards as restrictive, anti-competitive and an abuse of dominance.
MMBL’s Bt cotton technology has 90 percent of the market share, though similar technologies of four other companies have also been approved by Genetic Engineering Approval Committee(GEAC).
Nuziveedu says that according to a 2015 report by Credit Rating Agency (CRA), it is the largest private cotton seed producer in the country by volume, with a market share of 21 percent in the year ending March 2014. Much of this business is concentrated in Maharashtra (27 percent) and Telangana and Andhra Pradesh (25.50 percent), according to the DHRP.
Seed Companies Being Squeezed Between Price Control
In the year ending March 2014, the company sold 89,602 tonnes of cottonseed comprising 75 hybrids. It has GEAC’s approval for 217 Bt cotton hybrids. NSL also sells other seeds: maize, jowar, wheat, paddy and vegetables, but 66 percent of its revenue from operations came from sale of Bt cotton seed in financial year 2014.
NSAI says seed companies are squeezed between price controls, the cost of producing hybrids which is a labour-intensive process, and trait fees that do not change even with price cuts. But according to the DRHP, NSL’s profit after tax increased from Rs 144 crore in the year ending March 2013 on revenue of Rs 1174 crore to Rs 200 crore in the nine months ending December 2014 on revenue of Rs 1255 crore.
NSAI had written to MMBL to settle the trait fee issue amicably through arbitration. But MMBL said NSAI had no role in what it regarded as a ‘bilateral’ matter. It said it was willing to negotiate one-on-one with its licensees.
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