In his strongest criticism of RBI yet, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on Tuesday, 30 October, hit out at the central bank for failing to check indiscriminate lending during 2008 and 2014 that has led to the present bad loan or NPA crisis in the banking industry.
The remarks by Jaitley came amid reports of mounting tension between the finance ministry and RBI after the central bank's Deputy Governor Viral V Acharya in a speech on Friday warned that undermining autonomy and independence of RBI could be "potentially catastrophic".
This was seen as a veiled reference to RBI pushing back hard against the government pressure to relax its policies and reduce its powers.
At India Leadership Summit organised by US-India Strategic Partnership Forum, Jaitley said:
“You see (between) 2008 to 2014, after the global economic crisis, to keep the economy artificially going, banks were told open your doors and lend indiscriminately,”Arun Jaitley, Finance Minister
"The central bank looked the other way, there was indiscriminate lending," he said. "I am surprised that at that time the government looked the other way, the banks looked the other way. I don't know what the central bank was doing (because) it was the regulator of these. They kept pushing the truth under the carpet."
The government of the day, he said, was pushing banks to lend which resulted in credit growth in a year shooting up to 31 per cent from the normal average of 14 per cent.
Jaitley said banks went into projects of demerit which did not have the capacity to sustain the capital.
“Total bank credit in India from Rs 18 lakh crore in 2008, by 2014 went up to Rs 55 lakh crore. And this is something the banks couldn’t sustain, the borrowers couldn’t sustain and you had the NPA problem.”Arun Jaitley, Finance Minister
The non-performing assets or NPAs were put at Rs 2.5 lakh crore during those times but when an asset quality review was ordered by the new government in 2014, it was discovered that bad loans were of the order of Rs 8.5 lakh crore, he said.
Delivering the AD Shroff Memorial Lecture in Mumbai on Friday, Acharya called for greater powers for RBI to regulate public sector banks as it seeks to clean up the banking system. This independence, he said, was necessary to secure greater financial and macroeconomic stability.
Neither the finance ministry nor Jaitley has so far responded officially to the comments.
Jaitley, who had previously stated that politicians have to unfairly take the blame for any wrongdoing while supervisors get away relatively easy, did not refer to Acharya's speech or the reported tension between his ministry and RBI during his comments at the event Tuesday.
Sources in the finance ministry said differences between the central bank and the ministry are not new and several Governors in the past have had run-ins with the government over various issues.
Accepting this, former RBI Governor Y V Reddy in his autobiography has said the differences with the then Finance Minister P Chidambaram reached a level where he wanted to quit mid-way.
His successor D Subbarao also had his share of differences with the finance ministry. Not impressed with the monetary policy action of Subbarao in 2012, Chidambaram had said:
“Growth is as much a challenge as inflation. If government has to walk alone to face the challenge of growth, then we will walk alone.”
Difference with Raghuram Rajan and the present government is an open secret.
The sources however refused to say if the finance ministry has taken cognizance of the issues raised by RBI and if there would be any dialogue to resolve the differences.
In his speech Tuesday, 30 October, Jaitley said reforms undertaken by the government have led to significant improvement in revenues. "My own estimation is that from 2014 to 2019, we will be almost very close to doubling our tax base," he said.
This has been possible because of formalisation of the economy that demonetisation brought about, the new indirect tax structure (GST) and improvement in indirect tax structure without raising rates.
"This gave us the flexibility to take a departure from the past where there were only slogans," he said. "Demonetisation (was a) difficult step but helped us to make it clear that formalisation of the economy is our clear intent."
India, he said, had 3.8 crore income tax filers when the BJP government took office in 2014.
"In four years, it has already moved up to about 6.8 crore. This year, I am sure it will be very close to 7.5-7.6 crore which is almost double," he said adding the first year of Goods and Services Tax (GST) implementation has raised the indirect tax assessee by 74 per cent.
Recounting achievements of the government, Jaitley said all villages are close to being connected by roads, the target of houses for all is likely to be achieved by 2022 and all households will have electricity by year-end.
"I think the whole concept of governance has seen a sea change," he said adding corporate leaders no longer visit corridors of power because approvals are available online and discretion in the allocation of natural resources like coal mines or spectrum has been eliminated.
This, he said, has eliminated corruption.
The finance minister said demonetisation ended anonymity of cash as depositing the junked old 500 and 1,000 rupee note in banks was the only option.
While those who honestly paid taxes had nothing to worry, those who evaded "had to pay a heavy price" as notices were sent and they asked to deposit taxes on unaccounted cash, he said.
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